The greenhouse effect, a natural process where certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, underpins several of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It directly relates to SDG 13 (Climate Action) as human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have increased greenhouse gas concentrations, intensifying the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming. It also impacts SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water) as the resulting climate changes alter habitats and threaten biodiversity. Additionally, it influences SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), with changes in climate affecting crop yields and water availability. Lastly, by promoting a transition to low-carbon and renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the greenhouse effect is closely linked to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).
Irrigation management may influence soil greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Solid-set sprinkler irrigation systems allow to modify the irrigation time and frequency. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of two irrigation times (daytime, D; nighttime, N)and two irrigation frequencies (low, L; high, H)on soil carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)emissions in a solid-set sprinkler-irrigated maize (Zea mays L.)field located in NE Spain during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons and the fallow period between growing seasons.
This paper describes the methodology and data used to determine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to ten cities or city-regions: Los Angeles County, Denver City and County, Greater Toronto, New York City, Greater London, Geneva Canton, Greater Prague, Barcelona, Cape Town and Bangkok. Equations for determining emissions are developed for contributions from: electricity; heating and industrial fuels; ground transportation fuels; air and marine fuels; industrial processes; and waste.
