Climate change, a long-term shift in global weather patterns and average temperatures, is one of the most pressing challenges addressed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is directly targeted by SDG 13 (Climate Action), which calls for urgent measures to combat climate change and its impacts. However, climate change also cuts across virtually all other SDGs. For instance, it threatens to undermine progress towards SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) by disrupting agricultural production, and exacerbates problems of clean water availability, a concern of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). It also impacts SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) due to increased heatwaves and spread of vector-borne diseases. Furthermore, climate change can induce migration and conflicts, affecting SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Hence, tackling climate change is integral to achieving the SDGs.
Tillage is the most common agricultural practice dating back to the origin of agriculture. In recent decades, no-tillage (NT) has been introduced to improve soil and water quality. However, changes in soil properties resulting from long-term NT can increase losses of dissolved phosphorus, nitrate and some classes of pesticides, and NT effect on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission remains controversial. Complementary management that enhances the overall environmental benefits of NT is therefore crucial.
