Temperature, an essential parameter of the physical environment, is integrally connected to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Most directly, it relates to SDG 13 (Climate Action), with rising global temperatures being a primary indicator of climate change, necessitating urgent action. Rising temperatures affect SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water) by threatening biodiversity and altering habitats. They also influence SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), as temperature changes can impact crop yields and water availability. Moreover, extreme temperature events are relevant to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), due to the associated health risks such as heatstroke. Therefore, monitoring and managing temperature changes are critical for multiple aspects of sustainable development.
Background: Numerous studies have quantified the associations between ambient temperature and enteric infections, particularly all-cause enteric infections. However, the temperature sensitivity of enteric infections might be pathogen dependent. Here, we sought to identify pathogen-specific associations between ambient temperature and enteric infections.
Temperature affects many life processes, but its effect might be expected to differ among eukaryotic organisms inhabiting similar environments. We reviewed literature on temperature thresholds of humans, livestock, poultry, agricultural crops, and sparse examples of fisheries. We found that preferable and harmful temperatures are similar for humans, cattle, pigs, poultry, fish, and agricultural crops. Preferable temperatures range from 17°C to 24°C. Stress temperature thresholds are lower when humidity is higher.
