Roles of nano medicine in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe global public health issue because it is an irreversible neurodegeneration of the brain that impairs personality, cognition, memory, and other functions before it ultimately results in death from total brain failure. At least 50 million people are thought to be affected by dementias like Alzheimer's worldwide. That is greater than Colombia's population, according to the UN. If innovations are not made, rates may reach 152 million by 2050. AD currently lacks clear diagnosis methods and efficient treatments. Additionally, the diagnostic techniques that are now on the market are insufficient for an early AD screening to begin preventative measures. Recently, new approaches to address some of the issues associated with AD have been guaranteed by the developing science of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, which includes its potential for a better understanding of the early diagnoses of AD, AD root cause molecular mechanisms, and effective treatment, refers to the techniques of designing and manufacturing nano size (1–100 nm) structures through controlled positional and/or self-assembly of atoms and molecules. Drugs, vaccinations, or regenerative proteins offer “real” opportunities for improving illness outcomes, but they are constrained by the blood-brain barrier, which frequently restricts their ability to enter the brain. Here, we will focus on how polymer science and nanotechnology might address these issues and perhaps enhance the accuracy of diagnostic procedures. In this chapter, we'll talk about several recently proposed uses of nanotechnology in medicine, such as the analysis of quantum dots, localized surface plasmon resonance sensors, and nanomechanical cantilever arrays for the early diagnosis of AD.