Elsevier, Neuron, Volume 102, 17 April 2019
RNA binding proteins are critical to the maintenance of the transcriptome via controlled regulation of RNA processing and transport. Alterations of these proteins impact multiple steps of the RNA life cycle resulting in various molecular phenotypes such as aberrant RNA splicing, transport, and stability. Disruption of RNA binding proteins and widespread RNA processing defects are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of neurological diseases. Here, we describe distinct mechanisms by which the homeostasis of RNA binding proteins is compromised in neurological disorders through their reduced expression level, increased propensity to aggregate or sequestration by abnormal RNAs. These mechanisms all converge toward altered neuronal function highlighting the susceptibility of neurons to deleterious changes in RNA expression and the central role of RNA binding proteins in preserving neuronal integrity. Emerging therapeutic approaches to mitigate or reverse alterations of RNA binding proteins in neurological diseases are discussed.
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ALS; Animal; Animals; Antisense Oligonucleotide; Autism; Autophagy; CRISPR Cas System; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Dementia; FMRP; Fragile X Syndrome; Gene Therapy; Gene Vector; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Genetics; HnRNP; Homeostasis; Human; Humans; MRNA Expression Level; Metabolism; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Molecularly Targeted Therapy; Myotonic Dystrophy; Nerve Function; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Disease; Neuropathology; Nonhuman; Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense; Paraneoplastic Neuropathy; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System; Polyglutamine; Priority Journal; Propensity Score; Protein Aggregation; Protein Expression Level; Protein Homeostasis; RBFOX1 Gene; RNA; RNA Binding Protein; RNA Metabolism; RNA Processing; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA Splicing; RNA Stability; RNA Transport; RNA-Binding Proteins; Repeat Expansion; Review; SMA; SMN; SMN1 Gene; Spinal Muscular Atrophy; TDP-43; Global