High lethality suicide attempts in indigenous populations: A holistic approach combining psychiatric and critical care perspectives. Case analysis and scoping review

The Embera, an indigenous group in Colombia, particularly in regions like Risaralda, face significant challenges including poverty, displacement, and high rates of preventable diseases. In recent years, there has been a concerning rise in suicide rates within this community. This study presents a case series of 6 Embera patients who attempted suicide with high lethality and were treated in an ICU in Pereira, Risaralda, during 2023. Additionally, a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify studies on suicide among the Embera population, using databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering articles published between 2000 and 2023. The case series revealed predominant methods of suicide attempts involving substances like Paraquat and the challenges in managing these cases in the ICU. The literature review identified a limited number of studies addressing suicide among the Embera, revealing gaps in understanding the cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare system factors contributing to these behaviors. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive research and culturally sensitive interventions to address the complex interplay of sociocultural determinants influencing suicide. It is concluded that collaborative efforts involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and community leaders are essential to develop effective strategies that mitigate suicide risks and promote comprehensive well-being in indigenous communities.