
Elsevier, Neuron, Volume 102, 3 April 2019
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a severe and disabling psychiatric disorder that presents several challenges for neuroscience. Recent advances in its genetic and developmental causation, as well as its neuropsychological basis, are reviewed. Hypotheses concerning an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual behavior together with neural correlates in cortico-striatal circuitry are evaluated and contrasted with metacognitive theories. Treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to be of mixed efficacy but include psychological, pharmacological, and surgical approaches, the underlying mechanisms of which are still under debate. Overall, the prospects for new animal models and an integrated understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD are considered in the context of dimensional psychiatry. Robbins et al. provide an interdisciplinary neuroscientific framework for understanding the nature and causation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms as a model psychiatric disorder. It illustrates how new treatments may potentially arise from an interaction of genetic, neurocognitive, and basic neuroscientific approaches.
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Animal; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; BOLD Signal; Basal Ganglion; Brain; Cingulate Gyrus; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Cognitive-behavioral Therapy; Compulsion; Compulsive Behavior; Deep Brain Stimulation; Depression; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Model; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine Receptor Blocking Agent; Drug Dependence; Endophenotype; Executive Function; Food Addiction; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional Neuroimaging; Gambling; Genetic Association; Genetic Predisposition; Genetic Predisposition To Disease; Genetics; Glutamate; Goal-directed Behavior; Gyrus Cinguli; Habit; Human; Humans; Implosive Therapy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Research; Metacognitive Monitoring; Neuroimaging; Neuromodulation; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Nonhuman; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Orbital Cortex; Pathophysiology; Phenotype; Positron Emission Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex; Priority Journal; Psychology; Quantitative Trait Locus; Review; Schizophrenia; Serotonin; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Striatum; Substance-Related Disorders; Subthalamic Nucleus; Surgery; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Global