Green Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Smart Cities - Chapter 9: Blockchain technology and green policing: evaluating the efficacy for sustainable smart cities in India

India is celebrating the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav to celebrate the 75years of independence by remembering the marvelous history of its individuals, culture, and achievements, but the issues relating to clean and pollution-free environment are still the problems. Though the Supreme Court of India has laid down two principles to meet the international obligations regarding human rights and environment such as sustainable development and precautionary measures for governing safe, healthy, and livable environment but lack of due poor environment management and administrative activation. However, the increasing population, industrialism, urbanization, etc., also affect the ecological balance. Clean and pollution-free environment is the fundamental right protected under Article 20 (3) of the Constitution of India, that is, right to live. Thus, India requires adopting the legal provisions regarding sustainability and prevention measures for the improvement of environment. In this regard, green policing policy is effective to achieve this purpose. In general, the main role of police administration toward the society is to maintain the law and order, to maintain the discipline, prediction and prevention of crime, investigation and detection of crime, and production of investigation report and criminal before the Court of law. Therefore, Green Police shall be efficacious in preserving the green justice, law, and order. In addition, blockchain technology which is an emerging transformational technology has proven effective in internet security system. Decentralized mechanism with perpetual distributed digital ledger and enhancing network security system, blockchain technology has emerged as a new hope of constructing of smart cities. Blockchain technology avoids the third-party involvement in transaction of data, thus it ameliorates the Internet of Things (IoT) system by creating safe intercommunication between man and device. Moreover, blockchain technology with amalgamation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) system is upraised as a new dimension of smart society. Thus, the collaboration of blockchain, AI, and ML with IoT has a great prospect for green policing approach to prevent the green crime in order to visualize the smart cities in India.