Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and CNS Disorders: Chapter 2 - Role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease and possible interventions

The intricate microbial population that subsists in the gastrointestinal tract is called the gut microbiome. The gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system communicate bidirectionally and continuously through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, allowing the gut to affect the brain via neuronal, endocrinal, immunological and metabolic signalling. A rising collection of experimental and clinical evidence supports the crucial roles that gut dysbiosis and communications between the gut microbiome and host play in neurodegeneration. Systemic inflammation is brought on by changes in the makeup of the gut microbiota, which make the gut barrier more permeable and the immune system more active. When the blood-brain barrier is compromised, systemic inflammation may encourage neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and eventually neurodegeneration. The principal goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the most recent research on the impact of gut microbiome on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) development.