Hypertension, or high blood pressure, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, significantly intersects with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is most directly linked with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), underscoring the need for accessible and quality healthcare services for the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension. It also connects with SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), as balanced nutrition is vital in preventing and managing hypertension. Furthermore, the condition has indirect implications for SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), as the disease burden of hypertension often disproportionately affects low- and middle-income populations, reflecting and exacerbating existing socioeconomic inequalities. The awareness and prevention strategies necessary to combat hypertension further tie to SDG 4 (Quality Education), highlighting the importance of health literacy.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs in women more than men whereas survival in men is worse than in women. In recent years, much research has been carried out to understand these sex differences in PAH. This article discusses clinical and preclinical studies that have investigated the influences of sex, serotonin, obesity, estrogen, estrogen synthesis, and estrogen metabolism on bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II signaling, the pulmonary circulation and right ventricle in both heritable and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
