Combustion of fossil fuels is one of the main sources of emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CO, and NOx. In order to decrease the emissions of these harmful gases and alleviate their unfavorable consequences, it is crucial to shift toward clean and renewable energy technologies. Aside from the environmental importance, there are other reasons, such as fluctuations in the price of fossil fuels, restrictions in their resources, and the importance of energy diversification for shifting toward alternative and clean energy systems. In this chapter, some of the most conventional and developed renewable energy systems are introduced. Afterwards, the importance of shifting toward renewable energy sources and the development of clean energy technologies is discussed. Following that, the obstacles and challenges related to the development of renewable energy systems are provided. According to the provided data and designed plans by international organizations, it can be concluded that renewable energy systems would have a significant contribution in the future; however, there are some challenges, such as requirement for investment, lack of proper infrastructure, and absence of clear and effective policies in some countries and regions that can act as obstacles to the development of these clean systems.
An estimated 1.3 billion people around the world live with a significant disability - that’s 1 in 6 of us.
Each year on 3 December, the International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD) highlights the importance of advancing the rights, well-being and full inclusion of persons with disabilities in every aspect of society.
To mark this important day, Elsevier has curated a free-to-access special collection featuring the latest research and insights, now available on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Explore the collection.
This study explored mental health understanding and experiences within the Bangladeshi Deaf community, aiming to co-develop culturally and linguistically appropriate digital mental health tools.
By mapping urban heat patterns, this study highlights how cities intensify climate impacts—and how smarter urban design can reduce heat stress. It showcases practical pathways to make cities more livable and climate-resilient.
By decoding environmental signals preserved in glaciers, this study reconstructs past climate variability. These long-term insights provide a powerful baseline to understand how today’s rapid warming deviates from natural patterns—and why urgent action is needed.
