Health and population

Health and population dynamics are intertwined, embodying an intricate relationship with significant implications on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Health is fundamentally at the center of these 17 global goals, aimed to transform the world by 2030. Specifically, Goal 3 endeavors to "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages." It acknowledges that health is pivotal to human life quality, social cohesion, and sustainable development. Inextricably linked to this are the complexities of population dynamics, including growth rates, age structure, fertility and mortality rates, and migration patterns.

With the world's population projected to exceed 9.7 billion by 2050, the pressure on health systems will undoubtedly escalate. The demographic transition, with an aging population and an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, poses new challenges for health systems globally. Additionally, areas with high fertility rates often overlap with extreme poverty, resulting in heightened health risks, including higher maternal and child mortality rates, malnutrition, and infectious diseases.

Moreover, rapid urbanization and migration present both opportunities and threats to health. While urban areas may provide better access to healthcare, they also harbor risks of disease transmission, air and water pollution, and social determinants of health like inadequate housing and social inequality. Simultaneously, migrants often face disproportionate health risks due to unstable living conditions, exploitation, and limited access to healthcare services.

Achieving the SDGs will necessitate comprehensive approaches that consider the intricate interplay of health and population dynamics. It means strengthening health systems, promoting universal health coverage, and addressing social determinants of health. It also implies crafting policies that recognize demographic realities and foster an environment conducive to sustainable development. Only by understanding and harnessing these dynamics can the world meaningfully progress towards realizing the SDGs, ensuring healthy lives and well-being for all.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide with a poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. The main risk factors are tobacco consumption and alcohol abuse. The article discusses the use of liquid biopsies as a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for HPV-positive head and neck cancer, as it could improve access to early cancer detection and monitoring.

This study examines the impact of living conditions on cognitive function in older adults in China, and explores the role of plant-based dietary patterns in mitigating the negative effects of poor living conditions. The key finding is that living in fair or poor conditions was associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, and this association was more pronounced in the "Low-stable-decreasing PDI" group compared to the "High-rapid-decreasing PDI" group.

The World Health Organization reports that cervical cancer ranks as the eighth most common cancer worldwide and is the ninth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Cervical cancer is a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. While immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, its efficacy is variable among patients. Predictive biomarkers are essential for identifying patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

This content aligns with Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing and Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure by exploring a novel area of research exploring the link between vascular disease and Alzheimer's Disease.

Elsevier,

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, Volume 158, Issue 4, August 2025, Pages 310-321

The article investigates the role of CD38, an enzyme implicated in neuroinflammation and cellular senescence, in the context of vascular dementia (VaD). It demonstrates that inhibiting CD38 can mitigate cerebrovascular endothelial cell dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and white matter damage, ultimately alleviating cognitive impairment in a mouse model of VaD. The findings suggest that targeting CD38 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing the vascular and neurological deficits associated with VaD

The article provides a comprehensive review of the role of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related diseases. It discusses the expression patterns and mechanisms of action of Sema3A in various age-related disorders, including its involvement in oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity.
The article discusses the role of gut dysbiosis, bacterial amyloids, and metabolic diseases in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It highlights the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome, inflammation, and metabolic disorders, and how these interconnected pathways contribute to neurodegeneration. The review explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-brain-metabolic axis to mitigate AD progression.

The article examines the relationship between falls, chronic pain, and frailty among middle-aged and older adults in Yunnan Province, China, with a focus on ethnic minority populations.

Agriculture faces the increasing demands of a growing global population amid simultaneous challenges to soils from climate change and human-induced contamination. Cover plants are vital in sustainable agriculture, contributing to soil health improvement, erosion prevention, and enhanced climate resilience, but their role in contaminant management is underexplored. Herein we review the utilization of cover plants for remediating contaminants such as metals, organic pollutants, nitrate, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance genes, plastics, and salts.
This content aligns with Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing and Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure by providing an overview of the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease and potential innovations in cholinergic therapies.

Pages