Global

Background: In response to a national call for re-evaluation of the use of race in clinical algorithms, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) established a Task Force to reassess inclusion of race in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the United States and its implications for diagnosis and management of patients with, or at risk for, kidney diseases.

This chapter aligns with the SDG goal 3 of good health and wellbeing by summarizing hepatic diseases and inflammation and strategies to treat them.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most debilitating complication that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. It is essential to detect symptoms or signs of diabetic neuropathy and determine risk factors as early as possible to implement interventions and to prevent further neuronal damage. The goal of SDG 3.4 is to reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being 3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease

These findings suggest that interpersonal violence and PTSD symptoms may be underrecognized markers of risk for urologic pain and infections in women, highlighting a need for trauma-informed care of these issues.