![Schematic description of ecosystem components, functions and services.](https://sdgresources.relx.com/sites/default/files/styles/sus_content_listing_image/public/1-s2.0-s0264275121000482-gr2_lrg.jpg?itok=g_Zh4fOJ)
This paper aims to contribute to the limited understanding and recognition of soil ecosystem services (SoES) in spatial planning.
Droughts are significant drivers of land degradation, which in turn has adverse effects on resource-dependent rural populations and can potentially lead to livelihood losses and subsequent migratio
Sea-level rise poses a significant threat to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) due to the concentration of people, assets, and infrastructure in coastal zones.
As sea level rise drives saltwater farther inland, drinking water supplies of some coastal cities will be contaminated.
Sea level rise and land subsidence — induced flooding are projected to have severe impacts on highly populated Asian deltaic cities.