Elsevier, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Volume 6, February 2022
Background: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, minority racial/ethnic groups have a higher burden of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and hypoglycaemia. These groups may especially benefit from newer diabetes medication classes, but high cost may limit access. We examined the association of race/ethnicity with the initiation of newer diabetes medications (GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors).
Background: In response to a national call for re-evaluation of the use of race in clinical algorithms, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) established a Task Force to reassess inclusion of race in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the United States and its implications for diagnosis and management of patients with, or at risk for, kidney diseases.
Elsevier, The Lancet Planetary Health, Volume 6, February 2022
Background: Road-traffic injuries are a key cause of death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries, but the effect of city characteristics on road-traffic mortality is unknown in these countries. The aim of this study was to determine associations between city-level built environment factors and road-traffic mortality in large Latin American cities. Methods: We selected cities from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru; cities included in the analysis had a population of at least 100 000 people.
Elsevier, The Lancet Planetary Health, Volume 6, February 2022
Background: With much of the world's population residing in urban areas, an understanding of air pollution exposures at the city level can inform mitigation approaches. Previous studies of global urban air pollution have not considered trends in air pollutant concentrations nor corresponding attributable mortality burdens. We aimed to estimate trends in fine particulate matter (PM2·5) concentrations and associated mortality for cities globally.
Elsevier,
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 103, February 2022
Transportation is a basic social need, but most trips are done by private vehicles, which is not environmentally sustainable with growing urban populations. Micromobility (e.g., shared bikes) represents a significant opportunity to replace short private vehicles trips (0–3 miles) and reduce transportation sector emissions. This paper uses Seattle as a case study and estimates that up to 18% of short car trips could be replaced by micromobility.
Elsevier, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 226, February 2022
These findings suggest that interpersonal violence and PTSD symptoms may be underrecognized markers of risk for urologic pain and infections in women, highlighting a need for trauma-informed care of these issues.
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 103, February 2022
Transport emissions play a large role in climate change. Unfortunately, measures to address this risk creating inequalities in access to mobility. This article proposes policy recommendations to reconcile these two problems.
Elsevier,
Blood, Volume 139, 17 February 2022
To date, most cancer clinical trials exclude all HIV-infected patients. The HIV Working Group has defined important principles related to eligibility criteria for HIV-infected patients with cancer. Notably, patients with CD4 count $350/mL should generally be eligible for any study, whereas lower CD4 count may be appropriate in the setting of second-line and later cancer therapy, assuming cART is carefully managed. All these studies will require multidisciplinary efforts.
Elsevier,
One Earth, Volume 5, 18 February 2022
To address the dual challenges of water scarcity and global climate change mitigation goals, China has committed to carbon neutrality by 2060 combined with strict water use restrictions. Modeling suggests that transitioning to carbon neutrality will potentially reduce industrial water use by a quarter in China.
